QR Code Scams Explained: Recognize, Prevent, Report.....by Gurjot Singh Kaler
Chandigarh: In today’s digital era, QR (Quick Response) codes have seamlessly integrated into our everyday routines. These compact, square grids have revolutionized the way we browse websites, complete payments, and exchange information.
From settling bills at a supermarket to accessing restaurant menus or contributing to charitable causes, QR codes have undeniably enhanced convenience in our lives.Yet, this convenience comes with its share of risks. Cybercriminals have uncovered ways to exploit vulnerabilities in QR code usage, turning them into tools for fraudulent schemes targeting individuals and businesses alike.
These scams have emerged as a significant threat worldwide, particularly in India, where the adoption of digital payments continues to surge.
Gaining a clear understanding of how these scams operate, their consequences, and the steps to safeguard against them is essential to navigating today’s interconnected world securely.
The QR codes are brilliant for convenience of consumers but these also offer a playground for scammers.A QR code scam is a type of cyber fraud where scammers generate or alter QR codes to deceive individuals.
Instead of directing users to genuine services or enabling secure transactions, these codes are designed to steal funds, extract personal information, or install malicious software on devices.
How Do QR Code Scams Work?
Cybercriminals employ various methods to deceive unsuspecting individuals using QR codes. Below are some of the most common tactics:
1. Fake Payment Scams
These scams typically target people selling goods online. For instance, a fraudster pretending to be a buyer on platforms like OLX or Facebook Marketplace might claim they are ready to pay for an item. Instead of transferring money, they send the seller a QR code, asking them to scan it to "receive" the payment.
However, the reality is that scanning the code and entering your UPI PIN does not result in receiving money but instead authorizes the scammer to withdraw funds from your account.
2. Altered QR Codes
Fraudsters often tamper with or replace legitimate QR codes in public places like parking spaces such as on donation boxes, posters, or shop counters. These fake codes redirect payments to the scammer's account instead of the intended recipient.
3. Phishing through QR Codes (Quishing)
This method involves sending QR codes via emails or text messages, disguised as communications from trusted entities such as banks or service providers.Scanning these codes takes victims to fraudulent websites designed to steal sensitive information like login credentials or bank details.
4. Malware Infections
Certain QR codes are designed to distribute malicious software. When scanned, these codes can initiate the download of malware onto your device. This software may steal personal data, track your keystrokes, or even take over your device.
5. WiFi Networks
QR codes can be used to connect to WiFi networks conveniently. However, if you connect to a public WiFi network by scanning a QR code, it’s important to exercise extreme caution.
Cybercriminals can compromise public WiFi networks to gain unauthorized access to your personal data. While accessing a public WiFi, use VPN services to mask confidential information.
6. Event Registrations
QR codes often provide quick access to forms or links for registering for events. Unfortunately, scammers may create counterfeit QR codes for popular events or giving free prizes, tricking users into providing sensitive information, which can then be misused.
7. Fake Payment Requests
Scammers use QR codes to initiate fraudulent payment requests, often pretending to represent genuine businesses or service providers. A common tactic, particularly in India, involves cybercriminals claiming to have accidentally sent money to the victim and requesting a refund. They then share a QR code which, when scanned, enables them to withdraw money from the victim's account.
8. Unsolicited gifts package or parcel received (Brushing Scam)
Another variation of the QR code scam involves a fake "missed delivery" notice left on your door, featuring a QR code to supposedly reschedule your delivery.When you scan the code, you're prompted to either provide personal details or pay an extra shipping charge.Understanding these methods is the first step toward recognizing and protecting yourself from QR code scams.
How to Protect Yourself from QR Code Scams
The best way to stay safe from QR code scams is through proactive prevention. Here are some practical tips to help you avoid falling victim:
1. Understand How QR Code Payments Work
It’s important to know that QR codes do not directly receive payments. Scanning a QR code typically initiates a payment from your account to another. Always verify this before proceeding with a transaction.
For added security, it’s best to transfer funds directly to the recipient’s verified UPI ID or mobile number rather than using QR codes.
To minimize risk, consider setting up a separate bank account exclusively for linking to UPI platforms like PhonePe or Google Pay. Keep only a small balance in these accounts to further protect your finances.
2. Inspect QR Codes Carefully
Before scanning a QR code at any location, such as a shop, restaurant, or donation box, check for signs of tampering by closely inspecting it, especially around the edges. If the code looks suspicious or out of place, avoid using it. Always ensure the source of the QR code is legitimate before scanning.
Never scan any type of unsolicited QR codes received randomly from strangers through emails, SMS, WhatsApp etc., as these might be an attempt by the scamsters to install malicious software in your phone device to steal the data.
Make it a habit to verify the source of any QR code before even attempting to scan it.
3. Avoid Scanning Unsolicited QR Codes
Do not scan QR codes received through unsolicited messages, emails, or social media platforms unless you are absolutely certain of their authenticity.
When using QR codes, confirm the recipient’s name to ensure you’re paying the correct person or organization. Be cautious with links shared in unsolicited messages or emails.
If you happen to land at a website or an app after scanning a QR code, inspect the URL of the website carefully to ensure it’s an authentic website and not a phishing scam.
There are generally small alphabetical or grammatical mistakes in the URL of fake websites which can be noticed only through the application of a vigilant mindset.
If you encounter a potentially malicious QR code, refrain from entering any personal details on the linked page. Additionally, avoid opening any files that may have started downloading automatically upon accessing the page.
4. Use Trusted Payment Platforms
Stick to reliable and well-known UPI payment applications such as Google Pay, Paytm, or PhonePe. These platforms often include built-in security features to protect users from fraud.
5. Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
Activate 2FA for all your payment apps and banking accounts. This adds an additional layer of security, making it more difficult for unauthorized transactions to occur.
6. Keep Your Device Secure
Regularly update your smartphone’s operating system, apps, and antivirus software. This ensures your device remains protected from malware or other security threats.
7. Raise Awareness
Educate your friends and family about QR code scams, especially those who may not be well-versed in technology.
Spreading knowledge can help others stay safe from such fraudulent activities.By following these steps, you can significantly reduce the risk of becoming a victim of QR code scams.
Steps to Take If You Become a Victim
If you suspect or discover that you’ve fallen prey to a QR code scam, it’s essential to act swiftly. Here’s what you should do:
1. Stop Unauthorized Transactions Immediately
Reach out to your bank or the customer support team of your payment app to freeze your account or block any unauthorized transactions. Acting quickly can prevent further financial loss.
2. Report the Incident
File a complaint on the official cybercrime reporting portal of India, cybercrime.gov.in. You can also visit the nearest police station to register a formal complaint and provide all relevant details.
3. Notify Others
If tampered QR codes in public places were involved, inform the business owner or the authorities immediately. This helps them take corrective action and warn others to avoid similar scams.
4. Secure Your Accounts
Update the passwords for your email, bank accounts, and payment apps as soon as possible. Additionally, enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on all critical accounts to enhance security.
5. Monitor Account Activity
Regularly review your bank statements and transaction history within payment apps to identify any further unauthorized activities. Promptly report anything suspicious.By taking these steps, you can mitigate the damage caused by a QR code scam and protect yourself from future incidents.
By educating your friends, family, and colleagues about the risks and preventive measures, we can collectively build a safer digital environment for everyone. Together, we can pave the way for a more secure and trustworthy digital future as we pledge to stay vigilant while dealing with funds. Stay Alert, Stay Safe!
December 24, 2024
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Gurjot Singh Kaler, Superintendent of Police, Punjab
kalerforall@yahoo.com
Disclaimer : The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the writer/author. The facts and opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of Babushahi.com or Tirchhi Nazar Media. Babushahi.com or Tirchhi Nazar Media does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.